Indian Polity Notes: All Articles, Amendments & Schedules

Preparing for competitive exams becomes significantly easier when you have clear, concise, and accurate study material at your fingertips. Our Complete Indian Polity Toppers Notes are designed to help you master this Polity subject in a straightforward, student-friendly manner.

From tracing the historical evolution of the Indian Constitution to decoding significant amendments and key articles, these notes cover every essential topic in an organized and easy-to-revise format. Whether you’re aiming for SSC, RRB, PSC, Banking, or UPSC Prelims, our Toppers Notes provide the strong foundation you need to build confidence and ensure exam success.

Indian Polity Notes: All Articles, Amendments & Schedules for SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, RRB NTPC, PSC and other Exams

Analysis of Indian Polity from competiteve exam perspective

Analysis of Indian Polity from competiteve exam( SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, SSC MTS, SSC GD , RRB NTPC, STATE PSC) perspective

Weightage (In Percentage) Of Type Of Questions Asked From Various Chapters Of Polity

Type - 1 (6%) : Evolution & Framing of Constitution
Type - 2 (14%): Preamble, FR, FD, DPSP, Writes
Type - 3 (18%): Parliament, President & Prime minister
Type - 4 (5%): Assembly, Governor & Chief Minister
Type - 5 (6%) : CAG, Election commission, Public service commission, Budget, NDC, Final Commission.
Type - 6 (1%) : Federal & Center State Relation*
Type - 7 (6%) : Union & States
Type - 8 (3%): Panchayatiraj
Type - 9 (31%) : Articles, Schedules & Amendments
Type -10(10%) : Miscellaneous

Indian Polity and Constitution Historical Background

The Indian Constitution is a monumental document that lays the foundation for the governance and legal framework of the country. The journey of its creation and evolution is both fascinating and inspiring.

Under Article 368, of the Constitution, Parliament has the power of amending any part of the Constitution, including the Fundamental rights, but without affecting the 'basic features' of the Constitution.

Let's explore the key milestones and structural changes of the Indian Constitution:

Idea of a Constituent Assembly: The concept of a Constituent Assembly was first proposed by M.N. Roy. This idea laid the groundwork for the formation of a body that would draft the Constitution.
Formation of the Constituent Assembly: The Constituent Assembly was formed in 1946, marking the beginning of the formal process to draft the Constitution.
First Meeting of the Constituent Assembly: The first meeting of the Constituent Assembly was held on December 9, 1946. This historic gathering set the stage for the drafting process.
Provisional President: Sachchidananda Sinha served as the provisional president during the initial phases of the Constituent Assembly.
Appointment of the Drafting Committee: On August 29, 1947, the Drafting Committee was appointed, chaired by the Dr. B.R. Ambedkar. This committee played a crucial role in shaping the Constitution.
Passing of the Constitution: After extensive deliberations and revisions, the Constitution was finally passed on November 26, 1949.
Constitution Comes into Effect: The Constitution came into full operation on January 26, 1950, a day celebrated as Republic Day in India.

Original Structure of the Constitution

Initially, the Constitution consisted of 22 parts, 395 articles, and 8 schedules.

Current Structure of the Constitution

As of 2024, the Constitution has evolved to include 25 parts, 448 articles, and 12 schedules.

Historical Context

Event	Date/Details
The idea of Constitutional Assembly by	MN Roy
Constituent Assembly Formation	1946
First Meeting Held in	December 9, 1946
Provisional President at that time	Sachchidananda Sinha
Drafting Committee Appointment	August 29, 1947, chaired by Dr. B.R. Ambedkar
Constitution Passed	November 26, 1949
Constitution Came into full Operation	January 26, 1950
Original Structure	22 parts, 395 articles, 8 schedules
Current Structure	25 parts, 448 articles, 12 schedules

Dr. Bhimrao Ramji Ambedkar is known as the father of the Indian Constitution

Constitutional Amendments

The Constitution of India has 448 articles, 12 schedules and 25 parts as of 2021. Over the years, the Constitution has undergone several Amendments to adapt to changing times and societal needs. As of 2024, the Constitution has been amended a total of 106 times.

Important Amendments of the Indian Constitution

Major Constitutional Amendments of the Indian Constitution: A Comprehensive List:

Amendment	Date	Details
1st Amendment	1951	The Ninth Schedule was added.
12th Amendment	1962	Goa, Diu, and Daman were admitted to the Indian Union as Union Territories
13th Amendment	1962	Nagaland was granted special status under Article 371A.
21st Amendment	1967	Sindhi was included in the 8th Schedule of Indian Constitution.
24th Amendment	1971	The President’s approval of the Constitutional Amendment Bill has been made mandatory
25th Amendment	1971	The fundamental right to property has been restricted.
31st Amendment	1972	The number of Lok Sabha seats was raised from 525 to 545.
36th Amendment	1975	Made Sikkim the 22nd state of India.
42nd Amendment	1976	Added the words "Socialist", "Secular", and "Integrity" to the Preamble. Added 10 Fundamental Duties to the Constitution.
44th Amendment	1978	Removed the right to property from the list of fundamental rights.
52nd Amendment	1985	A new tenth Schedule was introduced. Anti detection Law.
69th Amendment	1991	Granted special status to Delhi, making it the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT)
71st Amendment	1992	Include Konkani, Meitei (officially called "Manipuri") and Nepali languages. The toal no of official languages now 18.
73rd Amendmen	1992	Strengthened the Panchayati Raj system and made it a justifiable part of the constitution.
93rd Amendment	2005	Reservations in educational institutions and the Government.
101st Amendment	2016	Introduced the Goods and Services Tax (GST) in India. The GST was implemented on July 1, 2017.
102nd Amendment	2018	Granted constitutional status to the National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).
103rd Amendment	2019	Introduced a 10% reservation for Economically Weaker Sections (EWS).
106th Amendment	2023	Reserves one-third of all seats for women in Lok Sabha, State legislative assemblies, and the Legislative Assembly of the National Capital Territory of Delhi, including those reserved for SCs and STs.

Parts of Indian Constitution

There are 25 parts in our Constitution, which can be described as below:

Parts	Articles	Subject
Part I	1 – 4	Deals with the Union and its Territories.
Part II	5 -11	Deals with Citizenship.
Part III	12 – 35	Deals with Fundamental Rights of Indian Citizens.
Part IV	36 – 51	Deals with Directive Principles of State Policy.
Part IV A	51A	Deals with Fundamental Duties. Added by 42nd Amendment in 1976.
Part V	52 – 151	Deals with Government at the the Union Level.
Part VI	152 – 237	Deals with Government at the States Level.
Part VII	238	Deals with The States in Part B of First Schedule
Part VIII	239 – 242	Deals with The Union Territories.
Part IX	243 – 243O	Deals with The Panchayats Raj.
Part IXA	243P – 243ZG	Deals with The Municipalities
Part IXB	243ZH – 243ZT	Deals with The Co-operative Societies.
Part X	244 – 244A	Deals with The Scheduled and Tribal Areas.
Part XI	245 – 263	Deals with Relation between the Union and the States.
Part XII	264 – 300A	Deals with distribution of Revenue between Union and States (Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits)
Part XIII	301 – 307	Deals with Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the territory of India.
Part XIV	308 – 323	Deals with Civil Services and Public Services Commission (Under the Union and the States).
Part XIVA	323A – 323B	Deals with Tribunals.
Part XV	324 – 329A	Deals with Elections (Including Election Commission).
Part XVI	330 – 342	Deals with Special provisions for Scheduled classes and Scheduled Tribes and Anglo-Indian Representation.
Part XVII	343 – 351	Deals with Official language.
Part XVIII	352 – 360	Deals with Emergency Provisions.
Part XIX	361 – 367	Deals with Miscellaneous Provisions.
Part XX	368	Deals with Amendment of the Constitution.
Part XXI	369 – 392	Contains Temporary, Transitional and Special Provisions.
Part XXII	393 – 395	Concerns the Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals of the Constitution.

Schedule of the Indian Constitution

Indian Constitution divided into 25 parts and 12 Schedules, covering everything from fundamental rights to the structure of the government. When it was first adopted, the Constitution had 395 articles in 22 parts and 8 schedules.

Trick to Remember

" TEARS OF OLD PM "

Schedules	Tricks	Details of Schedules
1st Schedule	T	Territories (It contains the name of States and Union Territories)
2nd Schedule	E	Emoluments ( Salaries And Emoluments)
3rd Schedule	A	Affirmations (Forms of Affirmations and Oaths)
4th Schedule	R	Rajya Sabha (Allocation of seats in the Rajya Sabha)
5th Schedule	S	Scheduled Areas (Administrationand control of scheduled areas and scheduled tribes)

6th Schedule	O	Others Scheduled Areas (Administrationand of tribal areas in the states of Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura and Mizoram)
7th Schedule	F	Federal structure (Distribution of power between Union and State Government)

8th Schedule	O	Official language (Deals with the 22 official languages)
9th Schedule	L	Land reform (Deals with the state acts and regulations of that deal with land reforms and the abolition of the Zamindari system.)
10th Schedule	D	Anti-Defection (Provisions relating to disqualification of the members of Parliament and State Legislatures on the ground of defection)

11th Schedule	P	Panchayat (Powers, authority and responsibilities of Panchayats)
12th Schedule	M	Municipality (Powers, authority and responsibilities of Municipality)

Important Articles of the Indian Constitution

List of articles of Indian Constitution are given below. All of the articles from Article 1 to Article 51A hold significant importance in the exam.

Additionally, all sections marked in Red are crucial Articles for exam preparation and should be thoroughly reviewed for better results.

Part I (Articles 1-4)

Deals With Territory of India:

Article	Description
Article 1	Name and Territory of the Union
Article 2	Admission or Establishment of New States
Article 3	Formation of New States and alteration of areas, boundaries or names of existing States
Article 4	Laws made under Articles 2 and 3 are not considered amendments of the Constitution under Article 368. Thus Such Law can be passed by a simple majority in both the Houses of Parliaments.

Part II (Articles 5-11)

Deals With Citizenship

Article	Description
Article 5	Citizenship at the commencement of the Constitution

Part III (Articles 12-35)

Deals with Fundamental Rights
- Right to Equality: Art. 14 to Art. 18
- Right to Freedom: Art. 19 to Art. 22
- Right against Exploitation: Art. 23 to Art. 24
- Right to Freedom of Religion: Art.25 to Art. 28
- Cultural and Educational Rights: Art.29 & Art. 30

Article 12 to Article 13

Article	Description
Article 12	Definition of the State
Article 13	Laws inconsistent with or in derogation of the fundamental rights

Right to Equality: Article 14 to Article 18

Article	Description
Article 14	Equality before law & equal protection of law.
Article 15	Prohibition of discrimination on grounds of religion, race, caste, sex, or place of birth.
Article 16	Equality of opportunity in matters of public employment
Article 17	Abolition of Untouchability
Article 18	Abolition of titles

Right to Freedom: Article 19 to Article 22

Article	Description
Article 19	Gurantees 6 Fundamental Rights. Like freedom of speech, etc.
Article 20	Protection in respect of conviction for offenses
Article 21	Protection of Life and Personal Liberty
Article 21A	Right to Elementary education (Between ages of 6-14 - Introduced in 86th Amendment, 2002)
Article 22	Protection against Arrest and Detention in certain cases

Right against Exploitation: Article 23 to Article 24

Article	Description
Article 23	Prohibition of Trafficking in human beings and Forced Labor
Article 24	Prohibition of employment of children in factories, etc.

Right to Freedom of Religion: Article 25 to Article 28

Article	Description
Article 25	Freedom of conscience and free profession, practice, and propagation of Religion
Article 26	Freedom to manage Religious Affairs
Article 27	Freedom as to payment of taxes for promotion of any particular religion
Article 28	Freedom as to attendance at religious instruction or religious worship in certain educational institutions

Cultural and Educational Rights: Article 29 to Article 30

Article	Description
Article 29	Protection of interests of Minorities (Language, Script and Culture)
Article 30	Right of minorities to establish and administer educational institutions

Article 31

It was repealed and replaced by Article 300A in 44th Amendment 1978.

Article	Description
Article 31	Guaranteed the Right to Property as a Fundamental Right

Article 32 - Article 35

Article	Description
Article 32	Right to Constitutional Remedies [Right to move to Suprime Court (Art. 32) and High Court (Art. 226) in case of violation of Fundamental Rights]
Article 33	Power of Parliament to modify the Fundamental Rights in their application to Forces, etc.
Article 34	Restriction on Fundamental Rights while Martial Law is in force in any area.
Article 35	Legislation to give effect to some of the provisions of Fundamental Rights.

Part IV (Articles 36-51)

Directive Principles of State Policy

Article	Description
Article 36	Definition of the State
Article 37	Application of the Directive Principles
Article 38	State to secure a social order for the promotion of Welfare of the People.
Article 39	Equal distribution of material resources.
Article 39A	Equal justice and provide free Legal aid to the poor.
Article 40	Organization of village Panchayats.
Article 41	Right to work, education, and public assistance in case of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement.
Article 42	Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief
Article 43	Living wage, decent standard of life, and social security
Article 43A	Participation of workers in management industries.
Article 44	Uniform civil code (applicable in Goa only)
Article 45	To provide eraly childhood care & education of all children untill age of 6 year.
Article 46	Promotion of educational and economic interest of scheduled castes, ST,and OBC.
Article 47	Duty of the state to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living andto improve public health. ( Prohibt consumption of intoxicating drinks & drugs which are injurious to health
Article 48	Organization of agriculture and animal husbandry
Article 48A	Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife
Article 49	Protection of monuments and places of national importance
Article 50	Separation of judiciary from executive
Article 51	Promotion of international peace and security

Part IV-A (Article 51A)

Fundamental Duties (Added by the 42nd Amendment Act, 1976)

Article	Description
Article 51A	1. Abiding by the Constitution and respecting its ideals, institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem 2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the National Struggle for Freedom. 3. To uphold & protect the Sovereignty, Unity and integrity of India. 4. To defend the country and render National Service when called upon to do so. 5. Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women 6. Value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture 7.Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures. 8. Develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform. 9. Safeguard public property and to abjure violence. 10. Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement. 11. Provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years. (This duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002)

Article

Description

Article 51A

1. Abiding by the Constitution and respecting its ideals, institutions, the National Flag, and the National Anthem

2. To cherish and follow the noble ideals that inspired the National Struggle for Freedom.

3. To uphold & protect the Sovereignty, Unity and integrity of India.

4. To defend the country and render National Service when called upon to do so.

5. Promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic and regional or sectional diversities and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women

6. Value and preserve the rich heritage of the country’s composite culture

7.Protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife and to have compassion for living creatures.

8. Develop scientific temper, humanism and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

9. Safeguard public property and to abjure violence.

10. Strive towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavour and achievement.

11. Provide opportunities for education to his child or ward between the age of six and fourteen years. (This duty was added by the 86th Constitutional Amendment Act, 2002)

Part V (Article 52 – 151) - Government at the the Union Level

President and Vice-president (Aricle 52 - 123)

Article	Description
Article 52	The President of India
Article 53	Executive power of the Union
Article 54	Election of President
Article 55	Manner of election of President
Article 61	Procedure for impeachment of the President
Article 63	The Vice-President of India
Article 64	The Vice-President to be ex-officio chairman of the council of states
Article 66	Election of Vice-President
Article 73	Extent of Executive Power of the Union

Union Ministers and Attorney General (Aricle 74 - 78)

Article	Description
Article 74	Council of Ministers to aid and advise the President
Article 76	Attorney-General for India
Article 78	Duties of the Prime Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the President, etc.

Parliament(Aricle 79 - 123)

Article	Description
Article 79	Constitution of Parliament
Article 80	Composition of the council of states
Article 81	Composition of the House of the people
Article 85	Sessions of Parliament, Prorogation and Dissolution
Article 87	Special address by the President
Article 102	Disqualifications for membership
Article 103	Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
Article 107	Provisions as to introduction and passing of bills
Article 108	Joint sitting of both Houses in certain cases
Article 109	Special procedure in respect of Money Bills
Article 110	Definition of "Money Bill"
Article 111	Assent to Bills
Article 112	Annual Financial Statement (Budget)
Article 114	Appropriation Bills
Article 120	Language to be used in Parliament
Article 121	Restriction on discussion in Parliament
Article 122	Courts not to inquire into proceedings of Parliament
Article 123	Power of President to promulgate Ordinances during Recess of Parliament

Supreme Court (Aricle 124 - 143)

Article	Description
Article 124	Establishment and Constitution of Supreme Court
Article 126	Appointment of Acting Chief Justice
Article 127	Appointment of Ad-hoc Judges
Article 128	Attendance of retired judges at sittings of the Supreme Court
Article 129	Supreme Court to be a Court of Record
Article 130	Seat of Supreme Court
Article 130A	Original Jurisdiction of the Supreme Court
Article 133	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in appeals from high courts in regard to civil matters
Article 134	Appellate jurisdiction of Supreme Court in regard to criminal matters
Article 136	Special Leave to appeal by the Supreme Court
Article 139	Conferment on the Supreme Court of powers to issue certain Writs
Article 141	Law declared by Supreme Court to be Binding on all Courts
Article 143	Power of President to consult Supreme Court

Comptroller and Auditor-General of India: CAG (Articles 148-151)

Article	Description
Article 148	Comptroller and Auditor General of India

Part VI (Articles 152 – 237) - Government at the States Level

Governor:

Article	Description
Article 153	Governors of States
Article 154	Executive power of State
Article 155	Appointment of Governor
Article 161	Pardoning powers of the Governor

State Ministers and Advocate General

Article	Description
Article 163	Council of Ministers to aid and advise Governor
Article 165	Advocate General for the state
Article 167	Duties of the Chief Minister as respects the furnishing of information to the Governor

State Legislature

Article	Description
Article 168	Constitution of Legislatures in States
Article 169	Abolition or creation of Legislative Councils in States
Article 170	Composition of the Legislative Assemblies
Article 171	Composition of the Legislative Councils
Article 176	Special Address by the Governor
Article 178	The Speaker and Deputy Speaker of the Legislative Assembly
Article 182	The Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the Legislative Council
Article 187	Secretariat of State Legislature
Article 191	Disqualifications for membership
Article 192	Decision on questions as to disqualifications of members
Article 196	Provisions as to Introduction and Passing of Bills
Article 197	Restriction on powers of Legislative Council as to bills other than Money Bills
Article 198	Special Procedure in respect of Money Bills
Article 199	Definition of "Money Bills"
Article 200	Assent to Bills
Article 201	Bills reserved for Consideration of the President
Article 202	Annual Financial Statement of the State
Article 210	Language to be used in the Legislature
Article 212	Courts not to inquire into Proceedings of the Legislature
Article 213	Power of Governor to promulgate Ordinances during recess of Legislature

High Courts

Article	Description
Article 214	High Courts for States
Article 215	High Courts to be Courts of Record
Article 225	Jurisdiction of existing High Courts
Article 226	Power of high courts to issue certain Writs
Article 227	Power of Superintendence over all courts by the High Court
Article 230	Extension of jurisdiction of high courts to Union Territories
Article 231	Establishment of a Common High Court for two or more States

Subordinate Courts

Article	Description
Article 233	Appointment of District Judges
Article 235	Control over Subordinate Courts

Part VII (Article 238) – Repealed

Part VIII (Article 239 - 242) – Union Territories

Article	Description
Article 239	Administration of Union Territories
Article 239A	Creation of Local Legislatures or Council of Ministers or both for Certain Union Territories
Article 239AA	Special Provisions with respect to Delhi
Article 239AB	Provision in case of failure of Constitutional Machinery
Article 239B	Power of Administrator to Promulgate Ordinances during Recess of Legislature

Part IX (Article 243 - 243 O) – Panchayats

Article	Description
Article 243A	Gram Sabha
Article 243B	Constitution of Panchayats
Article 243C	Composition of Panchayats
Article 243D	Reservation of Seats
Article 243H	Powers to impose taxes by, and funds of, the Panchayats
Article 243I	Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position
Article 243J	Audit of accounts of Panchayats
Article 243K	Elections to the Panchayats
Article 243L	Application to Union Territories

Part IX A (Article 243 P - 243 ZG) – Municipalities

Article	Description
Article 243Q	Constitution of Municipalities
Article 243R	Composition of Municipalities
Article 243S	Constitution and Composition of Wards Committees, etc.
Article 243T	Reservation of Seats
Article 243X	Power to impose taxes by, and funds of the Municipalities
Article 243Y	Constitution of Finance Commission to review financial position
Article 243ZA	Elections to the Municipalities
Article 243ZB	Application to Union Territories

Part IX B (Article 243 ZH- 243 ZT) – Co-operative Societies

Article	Description
Article 243ZI	Incorporation of Co-operative Societies
Article 243ZM	Audit of accounts of Co-operative Societies
Article 243ZO	Right of a member to get Information
Article 243ZQ	Offences and Penalties.
Article 243ZS	Application to multi-State Co-operative Societies
Article 243ZS	Application to Union Territories.

Part X (Article 244 - 244A) – Scheduled and Tribal Areas

Article	Description
Article 244	Administration of Scheduled Areas and Tribal Areas.
Article 244A	Formation of an autonomous State comprising certain Tribal Areas in Assam and creation of Local Legislature or Council of Ministers or both there for.

Part XI (Article 245 – 263) – Center- State Relations

Article	Description
Article 245	Extent of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
Article 246	Subject-matter of laws made by Parliament and by the Legislatures of States
Article 248	Residuary Powers of Legislation
Article 249	Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to a matter in the State List in the National Interest
Article 250	Power of Parliament to legislate with respect to any matter in the State List if a proclamation of Emergency is in operation
Article 251	Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament under Articles 249 and 250 and laws made by the Legislatures of States
Article 252	Power of Parliament to legislate for two or more States by consent and adoption of such Legislation by any other State
Article 253	Legislation for giving effect to International Agreements
Article 254	Inconsistency between laws made by Parliament and laws made by the legislatures of States

Centre-State Administrative Relations

Article	Description
Article 258	Power of the Union to confer powers, etc., on states in certain cases
Article 258A	Power of the States to entrust functions to the Union
Article 260	Jurisdiction of the Union in relation to territories outside India
Article 261	Public acts, records and judicial proceedings

Part XII (Article 264 – 300A) – Finance, Property, Contracts and Suits

Centre-State Financial Relations

Article	Description
Article 265	Taxes not to be imposed save by Authority of Law
Article 266	Consolidated Funds and Public Accounts of India and of the States
Article 267	Contingency Fund of India
Article 268	Duties levied by the Union but collected and Appropriated by the States
Article 269	Taxes levied and collected by the Union but assigned to the States
Article 269A	Levy and collection of goods and services tax in course of inter-state trade or commerce
Article 270	Taxes levied and distributed between the Union and the States
Article 271	Surcharge on certain duties and taxes for purposes of the Union
Article 274	Prior recommendation of President required to bills affecting taxation in which States are interested
Article 275	Grants from the Union to certain States
Article 276	Taxes on professions, trades, callings and employments
Article 283	Custody, etc., of Consolidated Funds, Contingency Funds and Moneys credited to the Public Accounts
Article 292	Borrowing by the Government of India
Article 293	Borrowing by States

Right to Property

Article	Description
Article 300A	Persons not to be deprived of Property save by authority of law

Part XIII (Article 301-307) – Trade, Commerce and Intercourse within the territories of India

Trade, Commerce and Intercourse

Article	Description
Article 301	Freedom of trade, commerce and intercourse
Article 302	Power of Parliament to impose restrictions on trade, commerce and intercourse
Article 305	Saving of existing laws and laws providing for state monopolies

Rights and Liabilities of the Government

Article	Description
Article 297	Things of value within territorial waters or continental shelf and resources of the exclusive economic zone to vest in the Union

Part XIV (Article 308-323) – Services Under Center and State

Public Services

Article	Description
Article 309	Recruitment and Conditions of Service of persons serving the Union or a State
Article 312	All-India Services
Article 312A	Power of Parliament to vary or revoke conditions of service of officers of certain Services

Public Service Commissions

Article	Description
Article 315	Public Service Commissions for the Union and for the States
Article 320	Functions of Public Service Commissions
Article 321	Power to extend functions of Public Service Commissions

Part XIV A (Article 323 A – 323 B) – Tribunals

Article	Description
Article 323A	Administrative Tribunals
Article 323B	Tribunals for other matters

Part XV (Article 324 – 329) – Elections

Article	Description
Article 324	Superintendence, direction and control of elections to be vested in an Election Commission.
Article 325	No person to be ineligible for inclusion in, or to claim to be included in a special, electoral roll on grounds of religion, race, caste or sex
Article 326	Elections to the House of the people and to the Legislative Assemblies of States to be on the basis of Adult Suffrage
Article 329	Bar to interference by Courts in Electoral Matters

Part XVI (Article 330 -342) – Special Provisions to SC, ST, OBC, Minorities etc

Article	Description
Article 330	Reservation of Seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the House of the People
Article 331	Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the House of the People
Article 332	Reservation of Seats for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
Article 333	Representation of the Anglo-Indian Community in the Legislative Assemblies of the States
Article 338	National Commission for Scheduled Castes
Article 338A	National Tribes Commission for Scheduled Tribes
Article 338B	National Commission for Backward Classes
Article 340	Appointment of a Commission to investigate the conditions of Backward Classes

Part XVII (Article 343- 351) – Official Language

Article	Description
Article 343	Official language of the Union
Article 344	Commission and Committee of Parliament on official language
Article 348	Language to be used in the Supreme Court and in the High Courts and for acts, bills, etc.
Article 350A	Facilities for instruction in Mother Tongue at Primary Stage
Article 350B	Special officer for Linguistic Minorities
Article 351	Directive for development of the Hindi Language

Part XVIII (Article 352-360) – Emergency

Article	Description
Article 352	Proclamation of Emergency (National Emergency)
Article 355	Duty of the Union to protect States against External Aggression and Internal Disturbance
Article 356	Provisions in case of failure of Constitutional Machinery in States (President's Rule)
Article 358	Suspension of provisions of Article 19 during Emergencies
Article 359	Suspension of the enforcement of fundamental rights during Emergencies
Article 360	Provisions as to Financial Emergency

Part XIX (Article 361-367) – Miscellaneous

Article	Description
Article 361	Protection of President and Governors and Rajpramukh
Article 363	Bar to interference by Courts in disputes arising out of certain treaties, agreements, etc.
Article 365	Effect of failure to comply with, or to give effect to directions given by the Union (President's Rule)

Part XX (Article 368) – Amendment of Constitution

Article	Description
Article 368	Power of Parliament to amend the Constitution and procedure thereof

Part XXI (Article 369 – 392) – Special, Transitional and Temporary Provisions

Article	Description
Article 369	Temporary power to Parliament to make laws with respect to certain matters in the State List as if they were matters in the Concurrent List
Article 370	Temporary provisions with respect to the State of Jammu and Kashmir (Abolished)
Article 371	Special provision with respect to the States of Maharashtra and Gujarat
Article 371A	Special provision with respect to the State of Nagaland
Article 371B	Special provision with respect to the State of Assam
Article 371C	Special provision with respect to the State of Minupur
Article 371D	Special provisions with respect Andhra Pradesh to the State of or the state of Telangana
Article 371E	Establishment of central university in Andhra Pradesh
Article 371F	Special provision with respect to the State of Sikkim
Article 371G	Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
Article 371H	Special provision with respect to the State of Mizoram
Article 371K	Special provision with respect to the State of Arunachal Pradesh
Article 371I	Special provision with respect to the State of Goa
Article 371J	Special provision with respect to the State of Karnataka

Part XXII (Article 392 – 395)

Concerns the Short Title, Commencement, Authoritative Text in Hindi and Repeals of the Constitution.

Article	Description
Article 393	Short title – This Constitution may be called the Constitution of India.

Our Complete Indian Polity Toppers Notes are designed to simplify this complex subject, providing aspirants with a clear and focused roadmap for their preparation. Featuring a well-structured format, these notes enhance information retention and boost your confidence in tackling polity-related questions.